\n
Li gor d\u00eeroka s\u00eeyas\u00ee ya dewleta S\u00fbr\u00ee, tu caran art\u00ea\u015feke w\u00ea ya ni\u015ftiman\u00ee ya ku civak\u00ean s\u00fbr\u00ee dinim\u00eene, \u00e7\u00eaneb\u00fbye. Art\u00ea\u015fa ku heb\u00fb, ji bo xizmeta desthilat\u00ea b\u00fb. Saz\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee bi roleke mezin di avakirina away\u00ean desthilata zordar di v\u00ea dewlet\u00ea de l\u00eest, ew j\u00ee bi r\u00eaya l\u00eadan\u00ean \u00a0le\u015fek\u00ee ji destp\u00eaka sazkieina w\u00ea ve (1920). Ev art\u00ea\u015f tu caran neb\u00fbye art\u00ea\u015feke ni\u015ftiman\u00ee ku hem\u00fb p\u00eakhatey\u00ean civaka s\u00fbr\u00ee bihew\u00eene. Di d\u00eerok\u00ea de tu helwestek nehat\u00eeye tomarkirin ku ev art\u00ea\u015f bi rola xwe ya sereke di parastina gel\u00ea s\u00fbr\u00ee de b\u00ea c\u00fbdah\u00ee rab\u00fbye \u00fb maf \u00fb r\u00fbmeta w\u00ee li hember \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ean derve \u00fb hundir parast\u00eeye, jkixwe \u00cedyoloc\u00eeya netewey\u00ee ya tundrew ya hin al\u00eey\u00ean siyas\u00ee, handera serek ya \u015fer\u00ean w\u00ea li Filest\u00een, Urdun, Libnan, Kiw\u00eat, Iraq \u00fb hundir\u00ea S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea de b\u00fb.\u00a0 Di van \u015feran de gelek dahat \u00fb mirov li ber \u00e7\u00fbn; hilwe\u015fandina nep\u00ea\u015fb\u00eenkir\u00ee (diramat\u00eek\u00ee) ya ku di 8. 12. 2024 de p\u00eak hat, v\u00ea rast\u00eey\u00ea tekez dikin. Ev yek j\u00ee guman\u00ea li ser ni\u015ftiman\u00eeya bawer\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee ya art\u00ea\u015fa s\u00fbr\u00ee ji dema damezirandina w\u00ea ve, z\u00eade \u00fb xurt dike. Jixwe ew ji h\u00eala hin welat\u00ean biyan\u00ee ve hatib\u00fb damezirandin (Br\u00eetanya, Fransa, Yek\u00eet\u00eeya Sovyet\u00ee \u00fb R\u00fbs\u00eeya) ku ji bo berjewend\u00eey\u00ean pergala desthilat\u00ea ya neteweperest \u00fb fa\u015f\u00eezm ya hevlbend\u00ea w\u00ea ava kir. Piran\u00eeya \u015fer\u00ean ku ew be\u015fdar\u00ee wan b\u00fb, ji bo p\u00eakan\u00eena rojev\u00ean part\u00eet\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7\u00een\u00ee b\u00fbn ku v\u00eena gel\u00ea s\u00fbr\u00ee bi gi\u015ft\u00ee nanim\u00eene.<\/p>\n
Di sibiha 8 \u00e7ir\u00eeya p\u00ea\u015f\u00een 2024 de, pi\u015ft\u00ee 60 sal\u00ee ji siyaseteke neteweperest, tundrew \u00fb zordar, s\u00fbr\u00ee \u00fb c\u00eehan tev li ser n\u00fb\u00e7eya hilwe\u015fandina r\u00eaj\u00eema Bas\u00ea rab\u00fbn. Di encam\u00ea de pi\u015ft\u00ee r\u00eazebinkeftinan \u00fb hilwe\u015f\u00eena pergala r\u00eaveber a le\u015fker\u00ee li hember p\u00ea\u015fketina kom\u00ean “Dij\u00ee \u00car\u00ee\u015f\u00ea“ bi serpere\u015f\u00eetya HT\u015e, art\u00ea\u015fa r\u00eaj\u00eem\u00ea ya may\u00ee j\u00ee xwe radest kir. Pa\u015f\u00ea di bin nav\u00ea “T\u00eer \u00fb kevana Be\u015fan“h\u00eaz\u00ean isra\u00eel\u00ee dest bi \u00ear\u00ee\u015fan kir \u00fb n\u00eaz\u00ee %80 ji kar\u00een\u00ean art\u00ea\u015fa s\u00fbr\u00ee (bejah\u00ee, ezman\u00ee \u00fb deryay\u00ee) \u00fb binesaz\u00eeya le\u015fer\u00ee hilwe\u015fand. Ev p\u00eangav weke mezintir\u00een p\u00eangava ezman\u00ee di d\u00eeroka Isra\u00eel\u00ea de b\u00fb. Behaneya fermandar\u00ean isra\u00eel\u00ee j\u00ee ew b\u00fb ku ev \u00e7ek nekevin dest\u00ean kom\u00ean sawkar de \u00fb ewleh\u00eeya dewleta Isra\u00eel\u00ea were misogerkirin. Ev yek di demek\u00ea de p\u00eak hat ku h\u00eaz\u00ean \u00eeran\u00ee \u00fb mil\u00ees\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean li S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea veki\u015f\u00eeyan \u00fb R\u00fbsya j\u00ee ragihand ku ew \u00ea h\u00ead\u00ee h\u00ead\u00ee dest bi veki\u015f\u00eena h\u00eaz\u00ean xwe bike. \u00cad\u00ee d\u00eemena S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea wisa b\u00fb ku art\u00ea\u015feke hilwe\u015f\u00eeyay\u00ee, kom\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee y\u00ean ku p\u00earew\u00ee \u00fb gir\u00eadan\u00ean wan cih\u00eareng in ku bakur, ba\u015f\u00fbr \u00fb rojavay\u00ea wel\u00eat berbelav in, her wiha HSD j\u00ee li bakur \u00fb rojhilat\u00ea S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea ye. Bi wateyeke din, S\u00fbr\u00eeya n\u00fb b\u00ea art\u00ea\u015feke ferm\u00ee ye.<\/p>\n
Di v\u00ea dema daw\u00ee gelek ner\u00een li ser avakirina art\u00ea\u015feke n\u00fb li S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea derketin p\u00ea\u015f. Her wiha wan ner\u00eenan behsa xwezaya bawer\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee ya n\u00fb, \u015f\u00eawey\u00ea bir\u00eaveber\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee ya b\u00ea \u00fb p\u00ea\u015feroja dewlet\u00ea pi\u015ft\u00ee vegeriya destp\u00eaka damezrandina w\u00ea (binkeftina rew\u015fa siyas\u00ee \u00fb le\u015fker\u00ee ya wel\u00eat di 1920 de). Tev\u00ee ku desthilata n\u00fb ya li \u015eam\u00ea dil\u00ea milet rehet dike \u00fb er\u00ean\u00ee xwe dide xuyakirin, l\u00ea ev desthilata n\u00fb nikare bawer\u00eey\u00ea bi civak\u00ean cih\u00eareng \u00ean li ser xaka S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea re ava bike, jixwe van civakan ji dema serxweb\u00fbna dewleta s\u00fbr\u00ee (1946) ve, gelek zordar\u00ee ji dest\u00ea desthilata saz\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee d\u00eet, ev saz\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee navg\u00eena par\u00e7ekirina nasnameya civak\u00ean xwecih\u00ee b\u00fb. W\u00ea nikar\u00eeb\u00fb ewleh\u00ee \u00fb aram\u00eeya dewlet\u00ea bipar\u00eaze \u00fb art\u00ea\u015f kir m\u00eena navg\u00eeneke zordar\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7ewsandin\u00ea li dij\u00ee her kes\u00ean r\u00eaj\u00eem\u00ea napejir\u00eene. Ev saz\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee pi\u015ft\u00ee destp\u00eakirina aloz\u00eeya s\u00fbr\u00ee 2011 de, di ezm\u00fbna sin\u00ee \u00fb ni\u015ftiman\u00ee de bi bin ket (berovaj\u00ee art\u00ea\u015fa misr\u00ee \u00fb t\u00fbnis\u00ee). Ji ber w\u00ea j\u00ee piran\u00eeya ner\u00eenan dib\u00eenin ku damezirandina art\u00ea\u015feke ni\u015ftiman\u00ee ya s\u00fbr\u00ee li hember desthilata \u015eam\u00ea ya n\u00fb, asteng\u00eeyeke zehmet e, nexasin di v\u00ea rew\u015fa nakok\u00eey\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ee \u00fb navdewlet\u00ee de \u00fb di v\u00ea rew\u015fa ku \u00ead\u00ee civak\u00ean\u00a0 xwecih\u00ee nema dixwazin r\u00eaj\u00eemeke m\u00eena ya ber\u00ea ava bibe.<\/p>\n
\u00a0Ji bo f\u00eamkirina asteng\u00eey\u00ean li hember avakirina art\u00ea\u015feke ni\u015ftiman\u00ee ya s\u00fbr\u00ee de ku v\u00eena hem\u00fb civak\u00ean siyas\u00ee y\u00ean s\u00fbr\u00ee dinim\u00eene, p\u00eaw\u00eest e hin agah\u00eey\u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00ee saz\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee ya s\u00fbr\u00ee werin p\u00ea\u015fandan. Ev agah\u00ee ji dema rizgar\u00eeya w\u00ea ji dagirker\u00eeya osman\u00ee ve hatine r\u00eazkirin:<\/p>\n
Rola saz\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee di aloz\u00eeya nasnameya ni\u015ftiman\u00ee ya s\u00fbr\u00ee de:<\/strong><\/p>\n Saz\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee li S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea nikar\u00eeb\u00fb hevseng\u00eey\u00ea di navbera xwestek\u00ean desthilat\u00ea \u00fb peywir\u00ean xwe li hember gel\u00ea s\u00fbr\u00ee b\u00eay\u00ee ku tu c\u00fbdah\u00eey\u00ea bixe di navbera civak\u00ean w\u00ea de, bike. Dibe ku sedema v\u00ea yek\u00ea cewher\u00ea dewleta S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea bi s\u00eenor\u00ea xwe y\u00ea siyas\u00ee y\u00ean niha be. Ew di encama raper\u00eeneke gel\u00ear\u00ee yan heb\u00fbna neteweyeke bi ten\u00ea yan j\u00ee li ser bingeha gir\u00eabesteke civak\u00ee ya rast\u00een sazneb\u00fbye. J\u00eader\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee amaje dikin ku ew di encama parvekirina du dewlet\u00ean m\u00eetinger (Bir\u00eetanya \u00fb Fransa) ava b\u00fb. Wan pi\u015ft\u00ee \u015eer\u00ea C\u00eehan\u00ea y\u00ea Yekem \u00fb pi\u015ft\u00ee serkeftina hevpeymanan ew parve kirin. Piran\u00eeya ferwer\u00eey\u00ean s\u00fbr\u00ee nikar\u00eeb\u00fbn an j\u00ee nedixwestin hemaheng\u00eey\u00ea di navbera civak\u00ean cih\u00eareng (ji al\u00eey\u00ea nijad, p\u00earew\u00ee, \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb siyas\u00ee ve) bikin. Van ferwer\u00eeyan bi qas\u00ee ku xwe p\u00eeroz dan xuyakirin \u00fb nijadperest\u00ee \u00a0di pergal\u00ean xwe de xurt \u00fb k\u00fbr kirin (bi r\u00eaya p\u00eerozd\u00eetina neteweya dewlet\u00ea \u00fb mandelekirina maf\u00ean gel\u00ean din li her\u00eam\u00ea), ewqas\u00ee wan al\u00eekar\u00ee di sazkirina nasnameyeke ni\u015ftiman\u00ee ya s\u00fbr\u00ee ya rast\u00ee de nekir. V\u00ea yek\u00ea j\u00ee nehezkirin di navbera civak\u00ean her\u00eam\u00ea de peyda kir, \u00e7imk\u00ee k\u00eena li hember kes\u00ea din, h\u00eamaneke sereke ya tundrew\u00eeya \u00eedyoloc\u00ee ye. Heya niha gotara k\u00een\u00ea ya xwed\u00ee taybetmend\u00eeya netewey\u00ee, t\u00eerey\u00ee \u00fb ol\u00ee li ba gelek s\u00fbr\u00eeyan heye ku hi\u015f\u00ea wan li ser tundrew\u00eeya netewey\u00ee \u00fb t\u00eerey\u00ee bi r\u00eaya dibistan, navg\u00een\u00ean ragihandin\u00ea, civ\u00een\u00ean part\u00eet\u00ee \u00fb belavkirina d\u00eetaneya komploy\u00ea hatiye sererastkirin. Armanc ji v\u00ea yek\u00ea bala milet li ser sedema sereke ya aloz\u00eey\u00ean wan (desthilat) biguherin. Ev yek b\u00eatir li ser be\u015fa xwendevan hat p\u00eakan\u00een (tev\u00ee ku gerek e ev be\u015f ba\u015f zane b\u00fbya \u00fb ba\u015f di al\u00eey\u00ea siyas\u00ee de t\u00eagihi\u015ft\u00ee be). N\u00ee\u015faneya v\u00ea yek\u00ea j\u00ee zordar\u00eeya ku kurd, \u00eazd\u00ee, xirist\u00eeyan, elew\u00ee, dirz\u00ee \u00fb gelek civak\u00ean ereb\u00ee li ser dest\u00ea saz\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb kom\u00ean c\u00fbr bi c\u00fbr rast\u00ee hatin (\u00e7i ew kom\u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00ee saz\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee b\u00fbn \u00e7i j\u00ee y\u00ean sedema derketina wan ew saz\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee b\u00fbn). Pi\u015ft\u00ee ketina r\u00eaj\u00eema bas \u00fb hewldan\u00ean Tirk\u00ee y\u00ean dagirtina valah\u00eeya \u00eeran\u00ee li S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea, xuya ye rew\u015f ber bi ba\u015f\u00eey\u00ea ve na\u00e7e, ew j\u00ee ji ber rew\u015fa tevlihev pi\u015ft\u00ee hilwe\u015f\u00eena Bas \u00fb hewldan\u00ean Tirk\u00eey\u00ea ku \u015f\u00fbna \u00ceran\u00ea dagire. Jixwe r\u00eaj\u00eema tirk\u00ee ragihand ku ew amade ye al\u00eekar\u00eeya desthilata n\u00fb li \u015eam\u00ea bike \u00fb art\u00ea\u015fa s\u00fbr\u00ee perwerde bike[6]<\/a>. L\u00ea t\u00ea zan\u00een ku r\u00eaj\u00eema tirk\u00ee ya islam\u00ee li hember \u00e7\u00eeneke mezin a gel \u00fb \u015fep\u00eal\u00ean siyas\u00ee y\u00ean s\u00fbr\u00ee, xwed\u00ee helwesteke dijminat\u00ee ye, jixwe koma Ixwanan a s\u00fbr\u00ee, al\u00eey\u00ea siyas\u00ee y\u00ea ten\u00ea ye ku bawer\u00eey\u00ea bi r\u00eaj\u00eema tirk\u00ee t\u00eene.<\/p>\n \u00cad\u00ee ji ber w\u00ea, r\u00eaya siyas\u00ee \u00fb ewleh\u00ee ya ku niha S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea t\u00ea re derbas dibe, ne ge\u015fb\u00een e. xuya ye saz\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee ya s\u00fbr\u00ee ji desteser\u00eeya neteweperestan ber bi desteser\u00eeya islam\u00eeyan ve \u00e7\u00fb \u00fb ji hemb\u00eaza r\u00fbs\u00ee-\u00eeran\u00ee derket \u00fb bikeve hemb\u00eaza tirk\u00ee. Heya hiha kom\u00ean dijber\u00ee HT\u015e tu helwesteke zelal li ser tevl\u00eeb\u00fbna wan a di yek art\u00ea\u015f\u00ea de, ranegihand (her wek\u00ee koma “Art\u00ea\u015fa slam\u00ea“ a ku Zehran El\u00fb\u015f ew damezirand, kom\u00ean Ixwanan \u00ean ku hewl dan ku kom\u00ean selef\u00ee y\u00ean n\u00eaz\u00ee HT\u015e t\u00eak bibin, kom\u00ean Part\u00eeya Rizgar\u00eeyam Islam\u00ee \u00fb hwd), \u00ead\u00ee her komeke \u00e7ekdar xwe li gor \u00eedyoloc\u00eeyeke taybet bi r\u00eaxistin dike \u00fb w\u00ea \u00eedyoloc\u00eey\u00ea weke bingeh ji bo her desthilata di bin dest\u00ea xwe de dib\u00eene. Desthilata n\u00fb li \u015eam\u00ea j\u00ee desthilateke le\u015fker\u00ee ye \u00fb ne siv\u00eel e. Ev j\u00ee diyar dike ku saz\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee d\u00ea fverwer\u00eeya S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea bike; lewma di v\u00ea qonaxa d\u00eerok\u00ee de, re\u015fb\u00een\u00eeyek li ser p\u00ea\u015feroja S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea de heye \u00fb tirs heye ku r\u00eaj\u00eemeke zordar ava bibe yan j\u00ee welat di navbera dagirkeran de par\u00e7e bibe. Ev j\u00ee k\u00ea\u015feyek\u00ea li ser \u015f\u00eawey\u00ea guncav \u00ea art\u00ea\u015fa n\u00fb de dide p\u00ea\u015f \u00fb ka gelo binemay\u00ean w\u00ea \u00fb peywir\u00ean w\u00ea d\u00ea \u00e7i bin? Nexasim pi\u015ft\u00ee ketina r\u00eaj\u00eem\u00ea ya ji ni\u015fkan ve \u00fb tu pilaneke ni\u015ftiman\u00ee yan dest\u00fbreke amadekir\u00ee \u00fb cih\u00ea bawer\u00eey\u00ea ji bo avakirina art\u00ea\u015fa s\u00fbr\u00ee tune ye.<\/p>\n Ji ber ku temen\u00ea w\u00ea di desthilat\u00ea de y\u00ea her\u00ee dir\u00eaj b\u00fb, v\u00ea r\u00eaj\u00eema bas nikar\u00eeb\u00fb hest\u00ean ni\u015ftimanperwer\u00eey\u00ea di hundir\u00ea art\u00ea\u015f\u00ea de ava bike \u00fb ev saz\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee neb\u00fb saz\u00eeyeke ni\u015ftiman\u00ee ku hem\u00fb p\u00eakhatey\u00ean s\u00fbr\u00ee bihew\u00eene. Ya ku v\u00ea yek\u00ea tekez dike j\u00ee, veki\u015f\u00eena bi hezaran le\u015fker pi\u015ft\u00ee 2011 ji nav ref\u00ean w\u00ea \u00fb rev\u00eena gelekan dervey\u00ee wel\u00eat ji ber le\u015fker\u00eeya ne\u00e7ar. Di v\u00ea art\u00ea\u015f\u00ea de \u00e7\u00eanedib\u00fb kurd piley\u00ean bilind \u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee bi dest bixin \u00fb art\u00ea\u015f b\u00fbb\u00fb saz\u00eeyeke \u00e7ewsandin\u00ea li hember dijber\u00ean r\u00eaj\u00eema bas.<\/p>\n Ji al\u00eeyek\u00ee din ve j\u00ee, art\u00ea\u015fa s\u00fbr\u00ee asteng\u00ee ji ber k\u00eamb\u00fbna lojist\u00eek\u00ea diki\u015fand. R\u00eaj\u00eem\u00ea di v\u00ea yek\u00ea de xwe dispart siyaseta “bir\u00e7\u00eekirin\u00ea ji bo ser\u00eetewandin\u00ea“. Her wiha gendel\u00ee di nav art\u00ea\u015f\u00ea de belav b\u00fbb\u00fb. V\u00ea yek\u00ea hi\u015ft ku piran\u00eeya kom\u00ean art\u00ea\u015f\u00ea bibin m\u00eena dizan \u00fb mal \u00fb mewdan\u00ean ko\u00e7ber \u00fb penaberan bidizin. S\u00fbr\u00eeyan nav\u00ea “Tef\u00ee\u015f (kel\u00fbpeldiz\u00een)“ li v\u00ea p\u00eangav\u00ea kir. Her wiha art\u00ea\u015f\u00ea bac li ser her kes\u00ean di bend\u00ean wan \u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee re derbas dib\u00fb, sepand \u00fb gendel\u00eeya karg\u00ear\u00ee belav b\u00fb ku n\u00ee\u015faneya w\u00ea j\u00ee \u02baTef\u00ee\u00ee\u015f (rev)\u02ba b\u00fb, anku bi r\u00eaya bert\u00eelan xwe ji le\u015fker\u00eey\u00earevandin, \u00ead\u00ee bi r\u00eaya w\u00ea gelek kes\u00ean dewlemend \u00fb y\u00ean n\u00eaz\u00ee desthilat\u00ea ji le\u015fker\u00eeya ne\u00e7ar rev\u00eeyan. Di encam\u00ea de le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb \u015fer di st\u00fby\u00ea kes\u00ean b\u00ea\u00e7are \u00fb xizan de ma. Ev yek bi r\u00eaya zagona berd\u00eala daray\u00ee (dana diravan li \u015f\u00fbna le\u015fker\u00eey\u00ea) hat sepandin. Di heman dem\u00ea de p\u00eangav\u00ean le\u015fkerkirina “Yedek\u00ee“ pirttir b\u00fb. Gelek s\u00fbr\u00eeyan ev p\u00eangav m\u00eena p\u00eangav\u00ean \u02baseferber\u00eey\u00ea\u02ba y\u00ean osman\u00ee y\u00ean qir\u00eaj bi nav kirin. Di heman dem\u00ea de bidaw\u00eeb\u00fbna le\u015fker\u00eeya ne\u00e7ar\u00ee j\u00ee hat dir\u00eajkirin. Di encam\u00ea de bi hezaran ciwan \u00fb kes\u00ean ditirs\u00eeyan ji bo le\u015fker\u00eey\u00ea werin girtin, ko\u00e7ber b\u00fbn. Ya ku hi\u015ft b\u00eatir hest\u00ean ni\u015ftiman\u00ee di hundir\u00ea saz\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee de tune bibin, ew b\u00fb ku evser\u00ean r\u00fbs \u00fb \u00eeran\u00ee\u00a0 v\u00een \u00fb ejindey\u00ean xwe li ser le\u015fker\u00ean s\u00fbr\u00ee sepandin \u00fb hin kom\u00ean \u00e7ekdar ava kirin \u00fb kirin m\u00eena art\u00ea\u015fek\u00ea, l\u00ea ji al\u00eey\u00ea daray\u00ee \u00fb biryar\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee ve rew\u015fa wan ba\u015ftir b\u00fb. Bi v\u00ee away\u00ee le\u015fker\u00ean s\u00fbr\u00ee b\u00fbn m\u00eena mertal\u00ean mirov\u00ee ji bo van kom\u00ean \u00e7ekdar.<\/p>\n Van sedeman \u00fb ji bil\u00ee wan hi\u015ft ku h\u00eav\u00ee sist bibin \u00fb kar\u00een\u00ean \u015fer li ba art\u00ea\u015f\u00ea lawaz bibin \u00fb \u00ead\u00ee b\u00fb h\u00eazeke b\u00eak\u00ear li ser asta strat\u00eec\u00ee \u00fb b\u00fb h\u00eazeke kesayet\u00ee. Ev j\u00ee sedema hilwe\u015f\u00eena saz\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee ya r\u00eaj\u00eema bas ya ji ni\u015fkan ve zelal dike. Di heman dem\u00ea de pi\u015ftgir\u00eeya saloxger\u00ee, ezman\u00ee \u00fb bejah\u00ee ya \u00eeran\u00ee \u00fb r\u00fbs\u00ee j\u00ee rawest\u00eeyan.<\/p>\n Di encam\u00ea de, ev rast\u00ee tev didin diyarkirin ku saz\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee ya s\u00fbr\u00ee ji dema damezirandina w\u00ea heya hilwe\u015f\u00eena w\u00ea, aloz\u00eeyeke mezin jiyan dikir. R\u00eaj\u00eem\u00ean s\u00fbr\u00ee her hewl didan teq\u00eena w\u00ea bi hem\u00fb awayan dereng bih\u00ealin, l\u00ea daw\u00ee bi hilwe\u015f\u00eena pergala le\u015fker\u00ee ya dewleta s\u00fbr\u00ee re teq\u00eeya. Xuya ye bandora w\u00ea li ser hewldan\u00ean n\u00fbavakirina v\u00ea pergala le\u015fker\u00ee d\u00ea mezin be; nexasim ku agah\u00eey\u00ean hey\u00ee y\u00ean ku didin diyarkirin ku al\u00eeyek\u00ee ten\u00ea dixwaze desthilat\u00ea desteser bike \u00fb \u00eedyoloc\u00eeya xwe li ser bawer\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee ya n\u00fb li S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea bisep\u00eene, d\u00ea zem\u00eenek\u00ea ji bo aloz\u00eeyeke n\u00fb di hundir\u00ea saz\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee ya ferm\u00ee de peyda bike. Di encam\u00ea de aloz\u00eeya nasnameya ni\u015ftiman\u00ee di hundir\u00ea dewleta s\u00fbr\u00ee de d\u00ea bidome.<\/p>\n Binema \u00fb zehmet\u00eey\u00ean li hember n\u00fbavakirina art\u00ea\u015fa s\u00fbr\u00ee:<\/strong><\/p>\n Piran\u00eeya j\u00eader\u00ean taybet bi ramana le\u015fker\u00ee li hev dikin ku avakirina art\u00ea\u015fek\u00ea ji kom\u00ean tundrew \u00ean \u00eedyoloc\u00ee, nep\u00eakan e \u00fb desthilata zordar nikare art\u00ea\u015feke ni\u015ftiman\u00ee ava bike. Art\u00ea\u015fa netewey\u00ee yan j\u00ee ya t\u00eerey\u00eeya ku ava bibe j\u00ee, bi k\u00ear\u00ee wan welatan nay\u00ea ku gelek \u00e7and, milet \u00fb bawer\u00ee t\u00ea de hehe. Mirov dikare s\u00fbd\u00ea ji wan art\u00ea\u015fan wergire ku heya astek\u00ea di al\u00eey\u00ean ni\u015ftiman\u00ee, tekneloc\u00ee, r\u00eaxistin\u00ee \u00fb pabedn\u00eeya bi gir\u00eabesta civak\u00ee ya welat\u00ean xwe, serkeft\u00ee ne; her wek\u00ee art\u00ea\u015f\u00ean amer\u00eek\u00ee, br\u00eetan\u00ee, isra\u00eel\u00ee, v\u00eatnam\u00ee \u00fb siw\u00ead\u00ee. Bi awayek\u00ee gi\u015ft\u00ee hin binemay\u00ean sereke y\u00ean damezirandina art\u00ea\u015feke ferm\u00ee hene. Ew j\u00ee ev in: Bawer\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee[7]<\/a>, dahat\u00ean peyda \u00fb r\u00eaveber\u00eeya b\u00eerwer[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n B\u00eay\u00ee bawer\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee art\u00ea\u015f nay\u00ea avakirin. Ev bawer\u00ee ji destp\u00eaka damezirandina art\u00ea\u015fa yekem ve heye \u00fb \u00e7anda sabara civak\u00ee ya ku endam\u00ean xwe p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f\u00ee v\u00ea art\u00ea\u015f\u00ea dike, dinim\u00eene. Jixwe geleek p\u00eanase ji bawer\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee hene ku her \u00e7andek n\u00eaz\u00eekat\u00eeyeke w\u00ea li hember t\u00eageha bawer\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee heye. Ew yek j\u00ee xwe disp\u00eare bawer\u00eeya \u015fer an j\u00ee sedema \u015fer a ku li bersiva van her s\u00ea pirsan vedigere: Ez keng\u00ee \u015fer dikim, \u00e7ima \u015fer dikim \u00fb \u00e7awa \u015fer dikim? Her art\u00ea\u015fek r\u00eagez\u00ean bawer\u00eeya xwe ya le\u015fker\u00ee li gor gef\u00ean ku sabara civak\u00ee rast\u00ee t\u00ea, diyar dike. Her wiha ew r\u00eagez\u00ean bawer\u00eeya xwe li gor \u00e7awan\u00eeya j\u00eengeha \u015fer ya ku d\u00ea tevl\u00ee bibe, dahat\u00ean peyda y\u00ean ku berdewam\u00eeya art\u00ea\u015f\u00ea misoger dikin \u00fb wizey\u00ea (enerj\u00eey\u00ea) didin\u00ea \u00fb \u015f\u00eawey\u00ea r\u00eaj\u00eema desthilat j\u00ee diyar dike. Ji ber w\u00ea j\u00ee bawer\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee x\u00eaz\u00ean xwe y\u00ean qalind ji dest\u00fbr\u00ea werdigire. Qas\u00eeya h\u00eaz\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb c\u00fbrey\u00ea \u00e7ekdarkirin\u00ea j\u00ee, xwe disp\u00earin gef\u00ean hundir \u00fb derve \u00fb hwd.<\/p>\n Ji bo rew\u015fa n\u00fb li S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea, pilansaz\u00eeya avakirina art\u00ea\u015fa s\u00fbr\u00ee, xwe disp\u00eare tevl\u00eekirina kom\u00ean ku \u015fer\u00ea r\u00eaj\u00eema bas kirin, di nav Desteya Berevan\u00eey\u00ea de ku HT\u015e ew damezirand\u00eeye. Jixwe ev gava han li ser zem\u00eeneke sist ava dibe, \u00e7imk\u00ee ew xwe nasp\u00eare dest\u00fbreke ni\u015ftiman\u00ee yan j\u00ee gir\u00eabesteke civak\u00ee ya ku v\u00eena hem\u00fb s\u00fbr\u00eeyan dinim\u00eene. Her wiha bawer\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee j\u00ee ne zelal e \u00fb piran\u00eeya koman bi \u00eedyoloc\u00eeya ol\u00ee \u00fb t\u00eerey\u00ee ya ku ber bi neteweya ereb\u00ee ve di\u00e7e, bawer in. Li gor navg\u00een\u00ean ragihandin\u00ea y\u00ean n\u00eaz\u00ee van koman, ji dema ketina r\u00eaj\u00eem\u00ea ve ew xwed\u00ee gotareke hundir\u00een in ku li hember kurd, elew\u00ee \u00fb d\u00eemokras\u00eeyan dijminane ye \u00fb xwed\u00ee gotareke dervey\u00een in ku li hember Isra\u00eel, \u00ceran \u00fb R\u00fbs\u00eeyay\u00ea dijminane ye. Hejmareke dewlet\u00ean ereb\u00ee (di ser\u00ea wan de Iraq) dan xuyakirin ku ew li hember v\u00ea rew\u015fa ewlekar\u00eey\u00ea ya n\u00fb li \u015eam\u00ea ne rehet in. Di heman dem\u00ea de Tirk\u00ee \u00fb Isra\u00eel hin be\u015f\u00ean bakur \u00fb ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea dagir dikin, p\u00ea re j\u00ee Isra\u00eel h\u00eaza le\u015fker\u00ee ya may\u00ee ya art\u00ea\u015fa s\u00fbr\u00ee r\u00fbxand \u00fb Tirk\u00ee hewl dide ku destwerdan\u00ea di damezirandina v\u00ea art\u00ea\u015fa n\u00fb de bike. Ev yek j\u00ee dide diyarkirin ku ew \u00ea kurd, dirz\u00ee, elewe\u00ee \u00fb xirist\u00eeyanan nexe nav ref\u00ea v\u00ea art\u00ea\u015fa n\u00fb. \u00cecar art\u00ea\u015fa ku dixwazin w\u00ea damezir\u00eenin, d\u00ea ji ya ber\u00ee xwe ne ba\u015ftir be \u00fb desthilat\u00ean siv\u00eel d\u00ea nikaribin desthilata le\u015fker\u00ee ya fermandar\u00ean xwed\u00ee pa\u015fxaneyeke kom\u00ee, s\u00eenordar bikin. Hin ner\u00een dib\u00eajin ku zehmet\u00eeya avakirina art\u00ea\u015feke bih\u00eaz \u00fb hevgirt\u00ee li S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea, d\u00ea kar\u00eegereke sereke ya fedral\u00eekirina S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea be yan j\u00ee bi k\u00eaman\u00ee guhertina w\u00ea ber bi r\u00eaveber\u00eey\u00ean xweser ve be; nemaze ku bawer\u00ee di navbera h\u00eaz\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee y\u00ean xwecih\u00ee de tune ye. Rew\u015f hey\u00ee \u00fb b\u00fbyer\u00ean diqewimin, didin diyarkirin ku kurd, dirz\u00ee, elew\u00ee \u00fb xirist\u00eeyan, bawer\u00eeya wan bi kom\u00ean c\u00eehad\u00ee nay\u00ea \u00fb bawer\u00eeya wan j\u00ee bi hev nay\u00ea.<\/p>\n Di dema niha de, du art\u00ea\u015f li S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea hene; HSD \u00fb hevpeymana kom\u00ean islam\u00ee bi serk\u00ea\u015f\u00eeya HT\u015e. Tev\u00ee ku her du j\u00ee li ser yek\u00eet\u00eeya xaka s\u00fbr\u00ee li hev dikin, l\u00ea n\u00eaz\u00eekat\u00eeya wan ji hev c\u00fbda ye; HSD xwe disp\u00eare demokras\u00eey\u00ea \u00fb ji bo civaka navnetewey\u00ee, di \u015fer\u00ea li dij\u00ee Dai\u015f\u00ea de hevalbendek\u00ee cih\u00ea bawer\u00eey\u00ea ye, l\u00ea HT\u015e xwe disp\u00eare \u015fer\u00eeeta ku bi r\u00eaya t\u00eerey\u00ee hat\u00eeye \u015f\u00eerovekirin (bawer\u00eeya hem\u00fb misilmanan p\u00ea nay\u00ea) \u00fb ew ji bo r\u00eaj\u00eema tirk\u00ee hevalbendek\u00ee cih\u00ea bawer\u00eey\u00ea ye. Ev yek j\u00ee w\u00ea r\u00fbbir\u00fby\u00ee hejmareke p\u00eakhatey\u00ean resen \u00ean gel\u00ea s\u00fbr\u00ee dih\u00eale. Di encam\u00ea de pilana ku ji bo n\u00fbavakirina art\u00ea\u015fa s\u00fbr\u00ee hat\u00eeye dan\u00een, S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea ber bi rew\u015fek\u00ea ve dibe ku t\u00ea de aloz\u00eeya nasnameya ni\u015ftiman\u00ee ya s\u00fbr\u00ee berdewam e \u00fb dibe ku ji ber\u00ea aloztir bibe.<\/p>\n Kar\u00eegera duyem a ku damezirandina art\u00ea\u015fa s\u00fbr\u00ee zehmet dike, lawaz\u00eeya dahat \u00fb j\u00eader\u00ean perep\u00eadan\u00ea ye. S\u00fbr\u00ee welatek\u00ee hilwe\u015f\u00eeyay\u00ee ye, nexasim binesaz\u00eeya w\u00ea ya le\u015fker\u00ee. Tu kar\u00een\u00ean ni\u015ftiman\u00ee y\u00ean ku dahat\u00ean peyda veberh\u00eene bike, tune ne \u00fb gelek kes\u00ean hoste (pirpor) \u00fb sermayedar ji wel\u00eat ko\u00e7ber b\u00fbne \u00fb rew\u015fa wel\u00eat wan handan nake ku vegerin, ji al\u00eeyek\u00ee din ve sizay\u00ean li ser S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea \u00fb k\u00ea\u015fey\u00ean ku heye derkevin dema mijara wam\u00ean (deyn) derve y\u00ean li r\u00eaj\u00eem\u00ea were vekirin. B\u00ea guman r\u00eaj\u00eema n\u00fb j\u00ee d\u00ea ber\u00ea xwe bide wamkirina (deynkirin) ji derve \u00fb d\u00ea merc\u00ean dijwar \u00ean navnetewey\u00ee li ser saz\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee ya n\u00fb li S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea hebin. Bi awayek\u00ee gi\u015ft\u00ee, eger aramn\u00ee li S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea peyda bibe, p\u00eaw\u00eest\u00ee bi 50 sal\u00ee heye da ku art\u00ea\u015fa s\u00fbr\u00ee bi ser xwe ve were.<\/p>\n Ji bo r\u00eaveber\u00eeya b\u00eerwer \u00fb aqilmend j\u00ee, heya niha tu kesayet\u00ean ni\u015ftiman\u00ee \u00fb li ser raman \u00fb kar\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb r\u00eavebirina art\u00ea\u015f\u00ea \u00fb dan\u00eena strat\u00eec\u00eey\u00ean h\u00fbrb\u00een hoste ne, tune ne, piran\u00eeya evser\u00ean ber\u00ea j\u00ee xwed\u00ee pa\u015fxaneyeke part\u00eet\u00ee ya tundrew in (Part\u00eeya Bas) \u00fb wan nikar\u00eeb\u00fb r\u00eaveber\u00eeya b\u00eerwer \u00fb aqilmend di hundir\u00ea saz\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee de p\u00eak b\u00eenin. Ji ber w\u00ea j\u00ee ew bi k\u00ear\u00ee bir\u00eavebirina v\u00ea qonax\u00ea nay\u00ean, loma d\u00ea al\u00eekar\u00ee ji \u015f\u00eawirmend\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee y\u00ean derve were xwestin. Welat\u00ean m\u00eena Amer\u00eeka, Br\u00eetanya, Fransa, Misir \u00fb Tirk\u00eey\u00ea welat\u00ean her\u00ee z\u00eade ku ji bo pi\u015ftgir\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee \u00fb \u015f\u00eawirmend\u00eey\u00ea li ber\u00e7av in, ew j\u00ee ji bil\u00ee Tirk\u00eey\u00ea, \u00e7imk\u00ee ew be\u015fek\u00ea ji xaka S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea dagir dike, helwesteke w\u00ea ya dijminane li hember hejmarek h\u00eaz\u00ean ni\u015ftiman\u00ee y\u00ean s\u00fbr\u00ee heye,\u00a0 h\u00eaz\u00ean w\u00ea komkuj\u00ee li ser gel\u00ea s\u00fbr\u00ee de li Efr\u00een, Gir\u00easp\u00ee \u00fb Ser\u00eakan\u00eey\u00ea de p\u00eak an\u00eene \u00fb di navbera sal\u00ean 2023 \u00fb 2024 de h\u00eaz\u00ean w\u00ea gelek binesaz\u00ee \u00fb avah\u00eey\u00ean giring li Bakur \u00fb Rojhilat\u00ea S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea hilwe\u015fandine.<\/p>\n \n Di encam\u00ea de:<\/strong><\/p>\n Kes\u00ean ku dixwazin saz\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee ya s\u00fbr\u00ee li ser bingeha nasnameya ni\u015ftiman\u00ee ava bikin, p\u00eaw\u00eest e berpirsiyar\u00eeya sinc\u00ee li ba wan hebe, rew\u015fa cosiyas\u00ee ya S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea \u00fb cih\u00eareng\u00eeya \u00e7and\u00ee \u00fb netewey\u00ee di ber \u00e7avan re bigire \u00fb r\u00eazdar\u00eey\u00ea ji dest\u00fbra n\u00fb re bigire ku gerek e hem\u00fb s\u00fbr\u00ee li ser v\u00ea dest\u00fbr\u00ea li hev bikin. Rast e wisa xwiya dike ku S\u00fbr\u00ee veger\u00eeya qonaxa xwe ya p\u00ea\u015f\u00een (destp\u00eaka damezirandina w\u00ea), l\u00ea rew\u015fa meydan\u00ee gelek\u00ee ji ber\u00ea c\u00fbda ye. B\u00ea guman hi\u015fmend\u00eeya nepejirandina al\u00eey\u00ean din, tundrew\u00eeya ol\u00ee \u00fb netewey\u00ee \u00fb p\u00eakan\u00eena xwestek\u00ean r\u00eaj\u00eema tirk\u00ee, d\u00ea r\u00ea nedin avakirina saz\u00eeyeke le\u015fker\u00ee ya ni\u015ftiman\u00ee; berovaj\u00ee w\u00ea, aloz\u00eeya nasnameya ni\u015ftiman\u00ee li S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea d\u00ea z\u00eadetir bibe \u00fb d\u00fbrb\u00fbna ku tundrew \u00fb neteweperestan di navbera civak\u00ean xwecih\u00ee de \u00e7andib\u00fb, d\u00ea k\u00fbrtir bibe.<\/p>\n \u00a0Di dema ku kom\u00ean bakur\u00ea S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea \u00fb Dera de, dan diyarkirin ku ew amade ne tevl\u00ee Desteya Berevan\u00eey\u00ea ya ferwer\u00eeya veguh\u00eaz a \u015eam\u00ea bibin, gelek kom\u00ean din y\u00ean ku r\u00eaj\u00eema Tirk\u00eey\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee yekser pi\u015fta wan digire (ev kom binp\u00eakirin\u00ean rojane li ser welat\u00eey\u00ean s\u00fbr\u00ee p\u00eak t\u00eenin \u00fb \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ee gelek civak\u00ean s\u00fbr\u00ee dikin), naxwazin \u00e7ek\u00ean xwe deynin. Her wiha kom\u00ean dirziyan \u00fb koma \u02baArt\u00ea\u015fa S\u00fbr\u00ee ya Azad\u02ba a ku li Tenef\u00ea ye, naxwaze bikeve bin desteser\u00eeya islam\u00eeyan de. Ji al\u00eeyek\u00ee din ve xwesteka HT\u015e ku ew r\u00eaj\u00eema tirk\u00ee b\u00eazar neke (HT\u015e p\u00eawend\u00eeya ferm\u00ee bi HSD re nake \u00fb hin daxuyan\u00eey\u00ean nepejirandina HSD bi awayek\u00ee nerasterast dide da ku Tirk\u00eey\u00ea b\u00eazar neke), di jin\u00fbvesazkirina saz\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee\u00a0 de, ne n\u00ee\u015faney\u00ean er\u00ean\u00ee ne. Her \u00e7iqas\u00ee hem\u00fb h\u00eaz\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee tevl\u00ee v\u00ea saz\u00eey\u00ea bibin j\u00ee, ew \u00ea ten\u00ea kom\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee bin ku di bin la\u015f\u00ea le\u015fker\u00ee de, d\u00ea gir\u00eadan\u00ean wan \u00fb p\u00earew\u00eet\u00eey\u00ean wan c\u00fbda bin, \u00ead\u00ee di dema her binkeftinek a p\u00eangava siyas\u00ee ya hundir\u00een de, ji bo cih\u00eab\u00fbn \u00fb veki\u015f\u00eena ji v\u00ea saz\u00eey\u00ea, amade bin.<\/p>\n T\u00ea zan\u00een ku hem\u00fb hewldan\u00ean serdestkirina li ser HSD a xwed\u00ee r\u00eaxistina ba\u015f \u00fb hostet\u00eet\u00eeya di \u015feran de, di nav art\u00ea\u015fa s\u00fbr\u00ee de, bi ser neketin. Yek ji wan p\u00ea\u015finyar\u00ean tikildar\u00ee v\u00ea babet\u00ea “p\u00eakan\u00eena hevseng\u00eeyeke h\u00fbrb\u00een di navbera serxweb\u00fbna HSD \u00fb tevl\u00eeb\u00fbna w\u00ea li r\u00eaveber\u00eeya navend\u00ee ya art\u00ea\u015fa S\u00fbr\u00eey\u00ea de“[9]<\/a>. Di encam\u00ea de \u00e7areser\u00eeya her\u00ee ba\u015f ew e ku h\u00eaz\u00ean \u00e7ekdar \u00ean ku weke h\u00eazine ni\u015ftiman\u00ee t\u00ean hesibandin, bi dar\u00ea zor\u00ea tevl\u00ee saz\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee ney\u00ean kirin; ew j\u00ee weke HSD, kom\u00ean islam\u00ee, kom\u00ean dirz\u00eeyan, koma “Art\u00ea\u015fa S\u00fbr\u00ee ya Azad“ \u00fb “Kom\u00ean Ba\u015f\u00fbr“, l\u00ea bel\u00ea gerek e hevpemanek bi wan re were \u00e7\u00eakirin \u00fb \u00e7alak\u00eey\u00ean le\u015fker\u00ee di navbera wan de werin hevr\u00eazkirin; ew j\u00ee li gor r\u00eabaza saz\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee ya welat\u00ean ku xwe disp\u00earin pergala fedral\u00eey\u00ea ku bi misoger\u00eeya dest\u00fbr\u00ea be, jixwe xuya kir ku ev nim\u00fbne ji nim\u00fbneya art\u00ea\u015f\u00ean gir\u00eaday\u00ee r\u00eaj\u00eema navend\u00ee, b\u00eatir serket\u00ee \u00fb bi bandortir e.<\/p>\n \n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n J\u00eader \u00fb \u00e7avkan\u00ee:<\/strong><\/p>\n (1) \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a .. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u061b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 2020.09.05\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a-\u0645\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a-\u0625\u0644\u0649-\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f<\/p>\n \n \u00a0(2) Haaretz; Iran and Syria Seal Military Cooperation Agreement; 28.08.2018; Link:<\/p>\n https:\/\/www.haaretz.com\/middle-east-news\/syria\/2018-08-28\/ty-article\/iran-and-syria-seal-military-cooperation-agreement\/0000017f-f802-d47e-a37f-f93e6b760000<\/p>\n \n (3) \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0641\u061b \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0631-\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u061b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 2020.03.26\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/research\/2020\/03\/russia-and-syrian-military-reform-challenges-and-opportunities?lang=ar¢er=middle-east<\/p>\n (4) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639.. \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u061b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 2024.12.11\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/arab-and-world\/syria\/2024\/12\/11\/\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644-\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627-\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639-\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639-\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/p>\n \n (5) \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u061b \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646.. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u061b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 2024.12.22\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n https:\/\/arabic.euronews.com\/2024\/12\/22\/-\u00fb-sharaa-vows-to-disarm-armed-groups-including-sds-kurds-turkey-fm-newser<\/p>\n (6) \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u061b \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u061b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 2024.12.15\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/2024\/12\/15\/\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627-\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a-\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627-\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628<\/p>\n (7) \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639: \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\/ \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a 30 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2007 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u061b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 2007.05.12\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n http:\/\/parliament.gov.sy\/arabic\/index.php?node=201&nid=4921&<\/p>\n \n (8) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\/ 2023\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n (*) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629…<\/p>\n (9) \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0641\u061b \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0631-\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u061b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 2020.03.26\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/research\/2020\/03\/the-efficiency-of-the-syrian-armed-forces-an-analysis-of-russian-assistance?lang=ar¢er=middle-east<\/p>\n [1]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a.. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u061b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 2020.09.05\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a-\u0645\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a-\u0625\u0644\u0649-\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f<\/p>\n \n [2]<\/a> Haaretz; Iran and Syria Seal Military Cooperation Agreement; 28.08.2018; Link:<\/p>\n https:\/\/www.haaretz.com\/middle-east-news\/syria\/2018-08-28\/ty-article\/iran-and-syria-seal-military-cooperation-agreement\/0000017f-f802-d47e-a37f-f93e6b760000[2]\n [3]<\/a> [3] \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0641\u061b \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0631-\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u061b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 2020.03.26\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/research\/2020\/03\/russia-and-syrian-military-reform-challenges-and-opportunities?lang=ar¢er=middle-east<\/p>\n \n [4]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639.. \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u061b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 2024.12.11\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n https:\/\/www.alarabiya.net\/arab-and-world\/syria\/2024\/12\/11\/\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644-\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627-\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639-\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639-\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/p>\n \n [5]<\/a> \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u061b \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646.. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u061b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 2024.12.22\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n https:\/\/arabic.euronews.com\/2024\/12\/22\/syria-sharaa-vows-to-disarm-armed-groups-including-sds-kurds-turkey-fm-newser<\/p>\n [6]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u061b \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u061b \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: 2024.12.15\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/2024\/12\/15\/\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627-\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a-\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627-\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628<\/p>\n [7]<\/a> Ji bo agah\u00eey\u00ean z\u00eadetir der bar\u00ea bawer\u00eeya le\u015fker\u00ee:<\/p>\n \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\/ 2023\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n \n